{"id":32767,"date":"2020-10-23T09:34:18","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T07:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novy.slovensky-kopov.sk\/?page_id=32767"},"modified":"2020-11-06T10:51:40","modified_gmt":"2020-11-06T09:51:40","slug":"herpesvirus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/slovensky-kopov.sk\/?page_id=32767","title":{"rendered":"Herpesv\u00edrus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Herpesv\u00edrusov\u00e1 choroba u psov<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe je chov psov omnoho intenz\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed ako v\u00a0minulosti. Pes prestal plni\u0165 \u00falohu str\u00e1\u017ecu hospod\u00e1rskeho dvora uviazan\u00e9ho na re\u0165azi a\u00a0\u017eiviaceho sa zvy\u0161kami zo stola jeho p\u00e1nov. Dnes je priate\u013eom, kolegom alebo \u010dlenom rodiny, ktor\u00e9mu je dopriata v\u0161etka potrebn\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165. So zvy\u0161ovan\u00edm koncentr\u00e1cie psov sa zvy\u0161uje aj riziko infek\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine ktor\u00fdch \u00faspe\u0161ne predch\u00e1dzame vakcin\u00e1ciou. Ale existuje v\u00edrusov\u00e9 ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 nie je zahrnut\u00e9 v\u00a0be\u017en\u00fdch vakcina\u010dn\u00fdch sch\u00e9mach, navonok sa u\u00a0dospel\u00fdch jedincov nijako zvl\u00e1\u0161tne neprejavuje a\u00a0na \u0161te\u0148at\u00e1 p\u00f4sob\u00ed priam apokalypticky.<\/p>\n

Je to celosvetovo roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 herpesv\u00edrusov\u00e1 choroba psov, ktor\u00e1 zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje ve\u013ek\u00e9 straty v\u00a0chovoch sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 potratmi gravidn\u00fdch s\u00fak a\u00a0hynut\u00edm novonaroden\u00fdch \u0161teniat. \u0160t\u00fadie v\u00a0z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3pe dok\u00e1zali 30 – 40% pozit\u00edvnych jedincov v popul\u00e1cii ale premorenos\u0165 niektor\u00fdch chovov bola aj 100%.Choroba je druhovo \u0161pecifick\u00e1 a\u00a0postihuje len psovit\u00e9 \u0161elmy, preto je obava z\u00a0prenosu na \u010dloveka a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho potratu tehotnej \u017eeny neopodstatnen\u00e1. Vo vonkaj\u0161om prostred\u00ed je v\u00edrus m\u00e1lo odoln\u00fd, inaktivuj\u00fa ho dezinfek\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v dom\u00e1cnostiach.<\/p>\n

Klinick\u00fd priebeh choroby sa l\u00ed\u0161i v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti od veku a\u00a0stavu imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. U\u00a0dospel\u00fdch jedincov sp\u00f4sobuje mierne\u00a0infekcie horn\u00fdch d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest, poruchy reprodukcie, pr\u00edpadne pretrv\u00e1va v\u00a0latentnom (utajenom) stave.<\/p>\n

V\u00edrus je vylu\u010dovan\u00fd sekr\u00e9tmi z\u00a0vag\u00edny, nosa, papule alebo o\u010d\u00ed infikovan\u00e9ho psa. Prenos z\u00a0jedn\u00e9ho jedinca na druh\u00e9ho sa deje kontaktom s\u00a0t\u00fdmito sekr\u00e9tmi \u010do je pri vz\u00e1jomnom o\u0148uch\u00e1van\u00ed sa psov pomerne \u010dast\u00e9 a samozrejme kopul\u00e1ciou pri p\u00e1ren\u00ed. Menej \u010dasto sa \u0161\u00edri mechanicky \u2013 na obuvi, \u0161atstve alebo kynologick\u00fdch pom\u00f4ckach.<\/p>\n

Prenos z pozit\u00edvnej\u00a0matky na \u0161te\u0148at\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee prebehn\u00fa\u0165 u\u017e v\u00a0maternici. V\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti od d\u013a\u017eky gravidity sa infekcia m\u00f4\u017ee prejavi\u0165 nespozorovan\u00fdm potratom a\u00a0nasledovn\u00fdm vstreban\u00edm plodov, \u010do vyzer\u00e1 ako keby suka v\u00f4bec nebola gravidn\u00e1. Pr\u00edpadne suka potrat\u00ed, porod\u00ed m\u0155tve alebo m\u00e1lo \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9 plody. Fakt, \u017ee k\u00a0prenosu v\u00edrusu d\u00f4jde aj v\u00a0maternici znamen\u00e1, \u017ee cis\u00e1rsky rez neochr\u00e1ni pred infekciou. \u0160te\u0148at\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017eu nakazi\u0165 aj po\u010das p\u00f4rodu v\u00a0p\u00f4rodnom kan\u00e1le, po p\u00f4rode kontaktom s\u00a0 v\u00fdtokmi matky, alebo in\u00fdch infikovan\u00fdch jedincov.<\/p>\n

Priebeh choroby je u\u00a0novorodencov fat\u00e1lny kv\u00f4li ich nedostato\u010dn\u00e9mu imunitn\u00e9mu \u00a0vybaveniu. Prevl\u00e1daj\u00fa ne\u0161pecifick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky celkov\u00e9ho postihnutia \u2013 depresia, anorexia \u2013 strata cicacieho reflexu, v\u00fdtoky z\u00a0o\u010d\u00ed, pri\u010dom telesn\u00e1 teplota nie je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1, objavuje sa \u010d\u00edry a\u017e hnisav\u00fd v\u00fdtok z\u00a0nosa a hyn\u00fa po 12 a\u017e 48 hodin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u0160te\u0148at\u00e1 infikovan\u00e9 v\u00a0priebehu prv\u00fdch dvoch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov \u017eivota hyn\u00fa v\u00a0priebehu 6-9 dn\u00ed po infekcii. Pozorujeme boles\u0165 v\u00a0oblasti brucha, zr\u00fdchlen\u00e9 d\u00fdchanie, (chovatelia uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee \u0161te\u0148at\u00e1 lapaj\u00fa po vzduchu ako ryby na suchu), odmietanie mlieka, \u017eltozelen\u00fa hna\u010dku, v\u00fdtok z\u00a0o\u010d\u00ed a nosa, bodkovit\u00e9 krv\u00e1caniny na \u010fasn\u00e1ch a na ko\u017ei brucha. \u00dahyn je skoro 100%.<\/p>\n

Matersk\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky od s\u00e9ropozitivn\u00fdch (infikovan\u00fdch) s\u00fak s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u0161te\u0148at\u00e1 pred klinick\u00fdmi pr\u00edznakmi. Hoci stupe\u0148 ich ochrany je r\u00f4zny, infikovan\u00e9 suky m\u00f4\u017eu vrhn\u00fa\u0165 klinicky zdrav\u00e9 \u0161te\u0148at\u00e1, ale\u00a0v\u00edrus pretrv\u00e1va v\u00a0organizme do konca \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Po prekonan\u00ed infekcie sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 poruchy srdcovej a\u00a0nervovej \u010dinnosti. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa \u0161te\u0148at\u00e1 star\u0161ie t\u00fdm je ich n\u00e1chylnos\u0165 k chorobe men\u0161ia, rozvojom imunitnej odpovede d\u00f4jde k \u00a0zastaveniu vylu\u010dovania v\u00edrusu,\u00a0jeho vymiznutiu zo slizn\u00edc a\u00a0ostatn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov a k poklesu cirkuluj\u00facich protil\u00e1tok. V\u00edrus sa utiahne do tzv. latentn\u00e9ho (utajen\u00e9ho) stavu a\u00a0 medzi imunitn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom a\u00a0v\u00edrusom d\u00f4jde k\u00a0rovnov\u00e1he. V tejto f\u00e1ze, ke\u010f sa v\u00edrus v\u00a0sekr\u00e9toch nenach\u00e1dza, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u00fdsledok niektor\u00fdch vy\u0161etren\u00ed falo\u0161ne negat\u00edvny. Po poru\u0161en\u00ed tejto rovnov\u00e1hy (stres, gravidita, neprimeran\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e lie\u010dba kortikoidmi….) je v\u00edrus op\u00e4tovne vylu\u010dovan\u00fd do okolia a choroba sa prezentuje ako mierny z\u00e1pal horn\u00fdch d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest, pr\u00edpadne miernym v\u00fdtokom z\u00a0pohlavn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov.<\/p>\n

Pri pitve je typick\u00fd n\u00e1lez zakrv\u00e1cania org\u00e1nov (p\u013e\u00fac, obli\u010diek, \u010driev, srdca,\u00a0mozgu), lymfatick\u00e9 uzliny a\u00a0slezina s\u00fa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00e9. T\u00fdm \u017ee v\u00edrus sp\u00f4sob\u00ed prestup krvi z\u00a0ciev do org\u00e1nov je obmedzovan\u00e1 ich funkcia d\u00f4jde k\u00a0zahlteniu p\u013e\u00fac krvou a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu uduseniu \u0161teniat.<\/p>\n

Diagnostika herpes\u00edrusovej choroby psov sa vykon\u00e1va izol\u00e1ciou a\u00a0identifik\u00e1ciou v\u00edrusu na kult\u00farach ps\u00edch obli\u010dkov\u00fdch buniek. Pre toto vy\u0161etrenie je potrebn\u00e9 zachyti\u0165 v\u00edrus vylu\u010dovan\u00fd v\u00a0sekr\u00e9toch. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa na to \u0161peci\u00e1lne \u0161pongie, ktor\u00e9 sa bezprostredne po odbere vkladaj\u00fa do \u017eivn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia, kde v\u00edrus \u010falej pre\u017e\u00edva. Pre dlh\u0161ie uskladnenie vzorky je potrebn\u00e9 zmrazenie v\u00edrusu pri ve\u013emi n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch ( – 70 a\u017e \u2013 80 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je diagnostikovanie protil\u00e1tok z\u00a0krvi vy\u0161etrovan\u00e9ho jedinca. Krvn\u00e9 s\u00e9rum m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dlhodobo usklad\u0148ovan\u00e9 v\u00a0mraze ( – 18 a\u017e – 20 \u00b0C). Po odobrat\u00ed vzorky a\u00a0transporte po dobu 24 hod\u00edn je potrebn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 maxim\u00e1lne izbov\u00fa teplotu ( 21\u00b0C ).<\/p>\n

Terapia herpesv\u00edrusovej choroby psov je po rozvinut\u00ed klinick\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe sa nevyr\u00e1ba komer\u010dn\u00e9 hyperim\u00fanne s\u00e9rum, ale veterin\u00e1rny lek\u00e1r m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 s\u00e9rum od jedinca, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 protil\u00e1tky proti psiemu herpesv\u00edrusu, najlep\u0161ie od matky \u0161teniat a\u00a0aplikova\u0165 ho \u0161te\u0148at\u00e1m u\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa e\u0161te neprejavili klinick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky. Pripom\u00edname, \u017ee ani t\u00e1to terapia nemus\u00ed by\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm prvkom v\u00a0boji s\u00a0herpesv\u00edrusovou chorobou psov je prevencia. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa v\u00edrus \u0161\u00edri v\u00a0popul\u00e1cii psov kontaktom je potrebn\u00e9 zamedzi\u0165 styku zdrav\u00fdch psov s\u00a0podozriv\u00fdmi jedincami. Rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 je izol\u00e1cia suky pred a\u00a0po p\u00f4rode.<\/p>\n

Teplota horn\u00fdch d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest dospel\u00fdch jedincov aj podchladen\u00fdch ml\u00e1\u010fat (35 \u2013 36 \u00b0C) je ide\u00e1lna pre pomno\u017eovanie sa v\u00edrusu. Z\u00a0tohto d\u00f4vodu je potrebn\u00e9 udr\u017ea\u0165 teplotu prostredia na hranici 36-36,7 ?C pri vlhkosti vzduchu 40-50%.<\/p>\n

Na Eur\u00f3pskom trhu je dostupn\u00e1 komer\u010dn\u00e1 vakc\u00edna proti herpesv\u00edrusovej chorobe psov Eurican\u00ae Herpes 205 od firmy Merial, ktor\u00e1 sa aplikuje pod\u013ea \u0161peci\u00e1lnej vakcina\u010dnej sch\u00e9my pri ka\u017edej gravidite. Po aplik\u00e1cii vakc\u00edny bola dok\u00e1zate\u013ene redukovan\u00e1 \u00famrtnos\u0165 novoroden\u00fdch \u0161teniat.<\/p>\n

prevencii choroby je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 aj stimul\u00e1cia imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fa zabezpe\u010d\u00edme dod\u00e1van\u00edm v\u0161etk\u00fdch d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch vitam\u00ednov a\u00a0miner\u00e1lnych l\u00e1tok (zinok , vitam\u00edn E) v\u00a0strave, pr\u00edpadne m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lne imunostimula\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa be\u017ene dostupn\u00e9 v lek\u00e1r\u0148ach (napr. Imunoguk\u00e1n\u00ae ).<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e pracovisko zabezpe\u010duje odber vzoriek a ich\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00fa diagnostiku a\u00a0pr\u00edpadne vy\u0161etrenie stavu imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu psa a\u00a0doporu\u010denie terapie imunostimula\u010dn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/strong><\/p>\n

MVDr. Peter Smr\u010do (smrcopeter@zoznam.sk<\/a>), Doc. MVDr. Jana Moj\u017ei\u0161ov\u00e1, PhD. (mojzisova@uvm.sk<\/a>),Univerzita veterin\u00e1rskeho lek\u00e1rstva, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, Ko\u0161ice \u00dastav epizootol\u00f3gie a\u00a0infek\u010dn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Herpesv\u00edrusov\u00e1 choroba u psov V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe je chov psov omnoho intenz\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed ako v\u00a0minulosti. Pes prestal plni\u0165 \u00falohu str\u00e1\u017ecu hospod\u00e1rskeho dvora uviazan\u00e9ho na re\u0165azi a\u00a0\u017eiviaceho sa zvy\u0161kami zo stola jeho p\u00e1nov. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":33424,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32767","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/slovensky-kopov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/slovensky-kopov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/slovensky-kopov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/slovensky-kopov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/slovensky-kopov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32767"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/slovensky-kopov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32767\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/slovensky-kopov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/slovensky-kopov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}